Which surface type should be used to reduce pressure injuries in immobile patients?

• A. Low-air-loss, alternating pressure, or air-fluidized surfaces should be used to reduce pressure injuries.
• B. A standard hospital bed is best for immobile patients.
• C. A pillow under calves is the best solution for heel injury.
• D. A wooden chair pad prevents injuries.

Answer: (A)

Preventing pressure injuries in immobile patients hinges on redistributing and offloading pressure at the skin–mattress interface. Specialized support surfaces—such as low‑air‑loss mattresses, alternating‑pressure surfaces, or air‑fluidized beds—work by continuously shifting and spreading body weight, reducing the time tissue spends under high pressure and helping maintain tissue perfusion. They also help minimize shear and manage heat and moisture, all of which protect the skin. A standard hospital bed by itself doesn’t provide adequate pressure relief. A pillow under the calves only partially shifts pressure away from heels and other vulnerable areas and isn’t sufficient for preventing injuries in immobile patients. A wooden chair pad is rigid and creates high-pressure points, increasing risk. Therefore, the best choice to reduce pressure injuries is a surface designed to actively redistribute pressure.